Responses to The General Sun Li Jen Documentary

, jaoluing@mail.psy.kmu.edu.tw, > I receive these e-mails with thanks. Mails are of personal nature, and their authors have not worried about details. To retain the originality, I edit them as little as possible.

Some mails are in English and some in Chinese. Netscape 6.0 and up enables you to read Chinese, with the help of NJ Star. For some reason, Internet Explorer does not properly display Chinese on this page.

ON GENERAL SUN LI-JEN by LF, 16 November 2001

One question always haunted me: Why did CKS treat General Sun Li-jen the same length and weight he did to Zhang Xue-liang? What convinced him that Sun would be/had been so threatening to him/his son and their authority? What did Sun do to consequently be penalized with the house arrest? These are 3 variations of the same question, which is, why did CKS do what he did?

I finally came close to an answer - it was not what Sun actually did/would do, it was CKS scared to death what Sun COULD do. As long as you are "qualified" to conduct a coup de'tat, you're dead meat. One other factor, I believe, was CKS's own inner bitterness towards Joe Stilwell. OK, you're his most favorite guy, your turn to suffer now. The fact that CKS wouldn't announce his bitterness openly only worsened the whole thing. I do not blame CKS for his painful feelings, I do blame him for the pains he imposed on others. Putting our most distinguished general under house arrest, not 1 or 2 days, not 1 or 2 months, not 1 or 2 years, it was 365 X 33 PLUS DAYS!!!! What a horrible crime not only committed to Sun, to his family and subordinates, it was more of a horrible crime committed to all residents of Taiwan, who otherwise would be so much benefited with Sun still there serving in any position.. Just think (no imagination required) how much General Sun could have done for all, including the Chiang's, with all those years! I never comprehend the term "zi-hui-chang-cheng", self-destroying the great wall, more precisely. It was MY loss, as well as everyone else's!

There is a photo in Barbara Tuchman's book that General Sun took at Burma Theatre with Stilwell and Liao Yao-xiang, another commander within N1A, in March 1944. I feel very sad looking at this photo. Sun was in his mid 40's, his hair half gray, his look confident and serious, a handsome and mature man. These 2 bright Chinese military men, in command of the best 2 divisions then, did they have the faintest idea what kind of fate was waiting for them 10 years later? Liao was mal-treated by one government the one he fought against; and Sun by another, the one he served with all his might. I can never ever forget and forgive that father/son team for what they did on General Sun, even when eventually Sun forgave them himself, I DO NOT.

Looking back at the Sun case almost half a century later, I must say I couldn't care less whether or not Sun did try to topple CKS. Moreover, judging from his 33 years of suffering, I just wish he did. In either case his fate couldn't be worse.

In either case Sun would suffer the same fate. It is an open book to everyone now that CKS/CCK & Co. would get rid of any existing/imaginary threat to CCK's ladder up to the throne. Wu Guo-zhen ranked number one on the "to delete" list, Sun next. Chen Cheng was fortunate enough fatally ill, to save CCK a headache denouncing him. Zhou Zhi-rou, alas, I just hope he remembered (and regretted) his days of "wei-hu-zuo-zhang" when CCK's knife finally waved at him. Soong Mei-ling, the stepmother was no exception to the rule. Even for CKS, he would be thrown out of the window without any hesitation if he happened to be the last one blocking CCK's way.

Sun's alleged coup de'tat in 1955, illustrated with "Pingdongs's trees", was nothing but a poorly produced funny play. I must complain, why couldn't CCK's gang write up a more creative, more adventurous story to match Sun's military talents? Give me a break, any Huangpu guy could plan a better coup than that, and it was assigned to General Sun Li-jen to act? Such insult! An insult to Sun's close aide Chen Liang-xun too, who was picked to co-star the show. I couldn't help laughing out loud when I read this coup setup from Shen Qi's memoir, amusing. I once believed only the Communist government would behave that way!

Speaking with sense, we shouldn't approve "yuzhong" (foolish loyalty) from anyone to anyone, in any form. But in reality I do understand yuzhong to be quite a universal sentiment for many. The cliché argument here is: How would Republic of China ever be founded if Dr. Sun Yat-sen held his foolish loyalty towards the then-ruling Ching Dynasty? Should he do it, or shouldn't he?

Let the fact speak for itself. Back in 1950, if a coup was not a plan/fact, we can't appoint General Sun with a SunYat-sen role just because we prefer him not wearing a yuzhong image. On the other hand, if the alleged coup was possible and questioned, we need to examine as much solid evidence as we can collect before jumping to a conclusion

OK, let's say General Sun did plan a coup. What would be on his "to do" list?

  1. he had to persuade enough army/division/regiment commanders to follow him and fixed them if they refused to;
  2. he had to have effective ways of communication between the commanders and his headquarter; he had to get enough messengers;
  3. he had to heavily guard the airports and harbors;
  4. he had to gain total control over the railroad system and major highways;
  5. he had to staff the radio station and news agency to deliver messages he wanted people to hear;
  6. he had to pacify air force and navy so they would stand in the middle, if not his side; 7) he had to disarm air force and navy if they refused to;
  7. he probably had to find a president and a chief of Administration Yuan in advance;
  8. he probably had to inform the Communist government across the straight;
  9. not to mention he had to take care of the political workers CCK stuffed everywhere.
I made up this list totally from common sense, as I have no military background whatsoever. Would anyone stand up and tell us he/she was aware of Sun conducting any of the above? Which army commander(s) did he talk to? Whom would he send to head Central News? Who would be the new president to replace CKS? How could Sun be so positive he could succeed a coup bare-handed-empty-fisted without any pre/post measurement? Can anyone prove to us these solid evidences did exist? How can we ignore all these (non-existing) hard evidences and place 100% trust in a "hand-delivered note" surfaced 40 years later? Whose hand? What note? Why destroyed?

Two weeks before the general's death in 1990, he grabbed his physician's hand and assured him he was innocent, his last words. When I viewed this part of the PTV program, I burst into tears. Life was so unfair to you, General. I know you didn't, although deep in my heart, I wish you did. They didn't deserve your loyalty.

I just watched General Sun Li-Jen's documentary on Chinese Public Television in Taiwan. It' tells us that we Chinese had a glorious history during World War 2. There is so little about Gen. Sun in our history books. General Sun will be remembered by all Chinese.

I have made up a website regarding the Flying Tigers. They faught together in Burma with Gen. Sun's force. They also contributed a lot in Chinese effort fighting Japan.

Samuel Hui

I heard of General Sun's story from Public Television Service in Taiwan lately. I repect General Sun and you very much. In the end of the program, I knew you have been setting up a web page for General Sun. I would like to read them, could you let me know the web site address by return ?

Thank you and God bless you !!

Basia

Taipei

I just finished documentary film regarding General Sun from Public Television of Taiwan. General Sun's vicissitudes of life touched my heart.

I really respect you for all you have done for General Sun.

With Best Regards,

Doris Yang from Chia Yi, Taiwan

I saw the Documentary about Gen. Sun on Public TV in Taiwan. It really touched or shocked me.

I am 27 years old. Most people of my age did not know General Sun. I only vaguely know him as a man who been house arrested for unknown charge. No one talked about him until 10 years ago. I learned some facts about the "White Terror" early this year and I started to read about General Sun.

He was a really "Tragic Hero" as everyone said.

After I saw this special movie, I felt so shame to be born in this kind of "Dark country", but I am also happy that Taiwan is going forward. People have more freedom and many injustice cases can be redress. The most important thing is that we can learn a lot from this history.

Well, I am writing to you to encourage you and thank you for providing those precious information. I can't write too much as I am working now. Just want to let you know I will always support you.

Best regards

Benjamin Kuo

Thank you for your reply. I read English ok. My writing skill needs work, that's all. My job is international trade, so I always write business English.

This part of history regarding General Sun Li Jen is very important and it must be put in the textbook for student. It's unbelievable that someone intended to erase this part. He is a good example to teach people to respect even love our country. He is selfishless. General Sun was great and I think you are also great to do this job. Your action let everyone discovers the real truth.

Well, if you can visit Public TV's web site in Chinese, you can find out lots of people's reaction to this program. I believe you will get more encouragement after you have read those.

Thanks again!!

Best regards

Benjamin Kuo
Sales Rep. Top-World Electronic

A great soldier being comparable to Alexander The Great, Napolean, Mac Arthur, Eisenhower, the desert fox-Rommel and Paton etc. will stand on the history forever.

deng in TAIWAN

I was watching a Taiwan PBS series on General Sun and began to appreciate him and the father-son relationship between you and him.

Although I am 51 years old, but seldom learn General Sun's story in the past. Without a question, he was a great soldier and tragic general. However, only with your persistence, we audience can really understand the true story of General Sun. My thanks & respects to you.

best regards,

Wei-ming Lu ¿cºû©ú

Chieh's reply

Dear Wei Ming,

Thanks very much for your e-mail, especially for your heart warming comment.

General Sun trusted and loved me. His heart and his life are devoted to China, Chinese and people. His stories speak for themselves, and I just have to tell them, not only for him, but for all of us.

E-mail frin PETER Feb. 5, 2002

I am a third generation native Taiwanese, even though my grand father complain the KMT power due to suffering from 228 event, he did respect the contribution of Gen. Sun to the Island, actually, many Taiwanese still feel today if Gen. Sun really could take over CKS power, the history of Taiwan (or even the world) would be different.

I was educated from early KMT textbook in Taiwan school that it never mention about Gen. Sun history but just bad word for him. Thanks to freedom, we can judge the history more objectly, and make an independent view for our next generation.

I pretty admire Gen Sun, not only for his handsome look but for his achivement in his militiary career. He dared to voic against his top without worring about his politic carreer. Unlike CKS, like Hitler, try to control everything without open mind, and as you may know, now the Taiwan is still suffering from part of CKS wrong desicion.

Peter

Chieh's Reply to First Mail of Anyone

Hi Everyone,

Thank you for sharing your feeling with me after you have watched "The Sun-Li-Jen Concerto". Your care and interest is an encouragement and comfort to me. General Sun has dedicated his whole life to China and Chinese. He has a vision far into the future for China, but not in the form of power, rather in the form of education and precious Chinese lives.

At this point, I have not watched the documentary yet. However, I have corresponded with the producer, Mr. L.C. Lin for more than a year now. I have talked with him and his crew for two days in Waterloo. He has done the kind of research that I would like to do on my own. His attitude is to find the truth, and I regard truth more important than fancy words. Thus, I had confidence in him on this program. General Sun would have been glad for this program too.

The website that I dedicate to Gen. Sun is: http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/sun in case you want to read more about him. I originally intend to have the information available in English for all interested people, because he has had an international reputation. The Internet Technology is now able to handle many languages, and as a result, some information in Chinese are also linked in the site. There is a block of links on Burma as well. The site is still under construction, and I still have lots of work ahead of me.

Sorry that I am replying in English, because I really cannot input Chinese with my computer. However, I can read Chinese e-mails. Thus I have read your mail with an appreciation.

Sincerely,

Chung

Sam wrote (Chieh edited):
General Sun Li-Jen is one of the greatest general in the world. Similar to other generals who fought against Japan, he is forgotten by our teenagers. They study the Imperial Japanese Navy, Watch Japanese movie, and read Japanese Comic books! Some of them even say the Rape of Nanking is not the history for them, but only for Mainland!

They only care about how brave Japanese was during World War 2, and they are proud only to be Japanese!! They shall stand with Japanese. Some girls in Taiwan even want to be the Comfort Women!

I suggest we shall have an anti-Japanese war museum to remember those ROC Generals and Flying Tigers! I think General Sun's old house may be the best place!

Chieh's reply

Part of the reason that I have not been able to do much is the pro-Japanese atmosphere in Taiwan. I feel very bad about it. In fact, some people even consider me being exploited by the "Taiwan Independence Movement", which is indeed one of the thing I am trying to avoid. I am alert and sensitive of being exploited.

I don't think Gen. Sun's House is suitable for WWII History Museum. The place is too small. Besides, I do not want to make any suggestion at all regarding any property of Gen. Sun. His biolgical children will deal with that.

I was puzzled by the different history description between KMT and Chinese Communist about what happened in north eastern China in 1946~1947 when Nationalist and Communist troops were fighting after Japan surrender. On your web site, I found an article ¡VKill Most Enemy saying that Gen. Sun and N1D were badly defeated by Communist troops led by Lin-biao. However the TV series said that Gen. Sun was restricted by his boss, and was ordered to hand over his command of N1D by Chang Kai Sheik. The restriction of fighting back became his life long regret. Later on, he was transferred to Taiwan for training military.

Do you have any information about the above? If you do, please let me know, since I have no way to get any books of Gen Sun.

SCH

Chieh's reply

The article you referred to was submitted by someone in Peoples Republic China. He wrote what he knew, and the story might not be complete.

When KMT and Communist fought in North East China (NEC), Gen. Sun was on tour of Europe and U.S.A. He returned to the NE battle field and took command of the New First Army (N1A). Learned of his return to command, Lin Biao retreated from Chang Chun and Xi Ping. The N1A quickly took Chang Chun and Xi Ping.

Following that, Chiang interfered in the battle field. He commanded divisions bypassing his (Huang Po) students Du Li Ming and Wei Li Huang, who had the authority to commander the whole region from Chiang K.S. Chiang's commanding caused a few divisions to be lost. Then Lin's troop encircled the N1A and many others. All men and officers in N1A suffered from starvation and run out ammunition. Finally, Cheng Tung Kuo told all men of N1A to be on their own - surrender or leave. Having learned the destruction of the troop he and Gen. Stilwell trained, Gen. Sun was devastated.

The paragraph I wrote above is based on words of old N1A and the Memoir of Du and Wei plus other facts. I interviewed Gen. Cheng in Beijing. He knew that any one fought in the NEC battlefield would be treated badly by Chiang. He advised Gen. Lee Hong not to go to Taiwan, but Lee went because of Gen. Sun. If I write Lee story, my tear will wet all the paper.

Official versions of recent Chinese history in PRC and ROC are least reliable. Information is now in the hands of people, and no one has the last word.

From a Taiwan University Student

I am a NTU student from Taiwan. I am so moved ! I will never forget all about General Sun Li Jen.

Good job. Keep working

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E-mail From Mr. Lin, Producer of The Documentary

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Chieh's first e-mail to Mr. Lin after viewing the Documentry

Thank you for sending me the Tapes and the documents from the US National Archives you promised me. Indeed, some of the documents I have not read before. I watched all three segments last night.

On the whole, I congratulate and thank you on a well synthesized documentary on the late General Sun Li Jen. The three segments presented many aspects of his career, personality, and his life. With the time limit of three hours for the program, you have packed as much historical events into them. There are many other aspects that are equally interesting, but I do understand your choice.

I have not had the time to write a formal response, but I have given some thought at this point. Currently, there are many people still thinking the way they did prior to 1955, a way lets call FEUDAL ETHICS. They combine the presentation of the US documents with the Kuo case and the house arrest of Gen. Sun, because the TIME factor and the circumstance given rise to those documents were not given. Thus, they draw a quick and simple, but out-dated conclusion. They do not differentiate opinion from facts, and they still have FAITH in some old-officers and consider their version OFFICIAL.

I have received some e-mails from younger people who have drawn opposite conclusions and admired General Sun for his ability and his heart for China. Some of their views denote the generation gap among your audience. Since General Sun's life spans over a century, the audience belong to several generations. As a learned General, he lived ahead of Chinese culture (or society). In an effort to modernize China, his views met with resistance and fell victim. Many followers believed in his vision also fell victim. This and other views have to be addressed, and I will have a Chinese version of my reaction to your program in the near future.

I am sending a copy of this to people who have contributed to the justice for Gen. Sun, and I hope they too can react themselves. They may also tell me their feelings about the documentary or about my view before I give the Chinese version.

Sincerely,

Chung

E-mail from a politician protector

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Replied: Visiting that site is difficult.

Driven by Emotion: Allen Hsu

Sorry for writing to you in such an informal way. I am a college freshman here in Taiwan that study at the Tatung University. (¤j¦P¤j¾Ç(­ì¤j¦P¤u¾Ç°|)) I came back to taipei from San Francisco for education during my junior year in high school. I accdiently discovered your book at a book store when I was out late at night looking for something to read other than text books. I have to admit, your book is the book that I actually finished reading every word in it. Before reading your book, I had only really blur image about General Sun because when his incident happened I was only in first grade in elementary school. I heard about him from my grandfather's war stories as well, (my grandfather was also a General. but it was much later than General Sun's time. It was during the second Chiang "dynasty").

Anyways, After reading the book and viewing the program on public TV, I really can't control my emotions to feel sorrow for General. And all of the sudden I discovered the negative side about the First President Chiang-Kai-Shek I was taught to look up to ever since when I was a kid. Anywayz, there isn't really anything important I want to say,I just couldn't control my feelings about Gen. Sun's incident and heard about this website when viewing the program on public TV so decided to write you an e-mail. Truely sorry if this is bothering you and delaying your research schedule or teaching. I have been thinking for a long time about what title I should write about for my constitution seminar's research paper this semester. And I've just decided, I will write a research paper about Gen. Sun. Even though in comparisson with your book my 5 page ( teacher's max page limit for this assignment is 5) research paper is going to seem like nothing, but I've just decided. I will start talking about Gen. Sun from time to time, and make his history to live around with me even though most public here have already forgotten this sad memory.

your book reader
Allen Hsu
Current freshman at TaTung University
Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
03/22/2003

Chieh's reply

I am glad that you have written to me. Your enthusiasm makes me feel great. Since the book was written more than 10 years ago, I have learned much more about General Sun. It is time for me to write anther book about his military career.

When I wrote that book, I felt that I did not know enough. So, I wrote only a little bit. He is really a great general.

My website needs much work, but there are always things keeping me busy so far.

Next day's supplement

When I walked home yesterday, Your sincerety in your e-mail lingers on in my mind. Then I thought about your research paper(s). If you write it with your computer, would you please send me an electronic copy? I would like to read how yuo write about it.

If there is anything you want to know, please feel free to write to me.

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Documentary available for pay perview

Dear Mr. Chieh,

It is such an honor for me to write you this email for your tireless effort in fighting for Genereal Sun Li-jen's freedom. Like most Taiwanese, I grew up believing Taiwan's prosperity today was a result of the Chiang regime. It was until I finished my first year in junior high school when my parents decided to let me continue my education abroad and sent my to Singapore, that I started being interested in the modern political history of the ROC and Taiwan, or simply put, the Chiang regime.

From my auntie, I was once told of the 6-year hide-out of my grandmother who was wanted by the government for a false accusation upon a cop's wife who actually stole from my grandmom's taylor store, several time. She was illiterate and was forced to stamp her finger print on some paper work to plea herself guilty. There is no evidence to make me believe the validity of this story since I wasn't shown any, and my grandmom passed away even before I was born.

But after knowing this story, and thanks to the termination of martial law in Taiwan, so that many once censored articles started getting revealed and we were able to find out the part of history erased by the KMT.

I know little about Gen. Sun until last month when I saw the documentary film through an online pay-per-view system (www.hichannel.hinet.net). Before then, all I knew about Gen. Sun was he was a graduate from Purdue University and he was the only winning general in the Nationalist army during the civil war.

I admire Gen. Sun for his care and love for the country, his loyalty and quaility of righteousness. I wished as much like you and many other people that he would conduct a coup de'tat against CKS. Without them, the people of Taiwan wouldn't have to go through 50 years of torment and injustice. The government of Taiwan, whether run by KMT or DPP, needs somebody like Gen. Sun to make it a better place to live and to make us feel proud of being a Taiwanese. Forgive me for not seeing myself a Chinese nationality-wise, but ethnically I am positive that I have the Han blood flowing through my veins.

By the way, I have to tell you that I am also a Chemist, a Biochemist actually. I graduated from the University of Washington originally as Biochem major, but I realized 6 more classes would conveniently make me a double major. Currently I am waiting for replies from several graduate institutions I have applied. Hopefully I can return to taste the sweetness of being a student this coming Fall.

Wish you the best of luck in your job and everything in your life.

Jeffrey Huang

Chieh's Reply

Dear Jeffrey,

Thank you very much for your warm e-mail, and I believe the story about your grandmother, because this type of stories were common in those days. Too bad they happened, and particularly bad it happened to some that we loved.

It's also good to know that this documentary is now available on pay per view bases. I have put your e-mail on the response to the documentary, and people browsing the page will get some idea.

I hope you get your wish to do a graduate work. Yes, it's interesting to do research and live a happy life. I hope you find a good field to pursue.