What the ultimate Natural Units of material are?

Natural Units - Atoms, molecules, electrons, etc.

Want to be an outstanding person?
Are you aware of what is around you?
Are you alert at all times?
Are you always careful?
Do you ask the important or fundamental questions?

What are the ultimate natural units or particles of materials?

How do these natural units combine to give so many kinds of material?

Philosophical approaches
- The dualism of Yin and Yang.
- Plato's primal substances - air, fire, water, and earth.
Chemical elements and atomism
- The chemical element concept
- The element of fire - phlogiston or oxygen
- Atomism and Dalton's atomic theory
- Discovery of more chemical elements
- The periodic table of chemical elements
Chemical reactions and the electrons
- Electrostatic force - Coulomb force
- Electricity and chemical reactions - electrochemistry
- Electric charge and chemical stoichiometry
- Electrons - their properties

In terms of materials, we want to know what they are, what are the components, what each component is made of, what are the structures of all components, what are the bonding, and finally, what are the natural units.

E-mail: cchieh@uwaterloo.ca