CHEM123 and CHEM125

CHEM123/125 Topics:

• Intermolecular Forces and Solids - The interactions between atoms and molecules arre divided into covalent bonding, ionic attraction, dipole-dipole interaction, London dispersion forces or van der Waal's force, hydrogen bond, and metallic bonding. These forces affect properties of solids, liquids, and phase transitions.

• Chemical Reactions - Chemical reactions are studied in terms of reaction rate, reaction orders with respect to reactants, differential and integrated rate laws of chemical reactions, and activaton energy. This type of studies is usually called chemical kinetics.

• Chemical Equilibria - To study the extent of chemical reactions, we first isolate a system from its environment so as to identify the transfer of masses and energy between the two. For the system, we define the equilibrium quotient, Q and equilibrium constant, K, by the mass action law. Chemical and physical equilibria is controlled by the Gibb's energy.

• Acid and Base Equilibria - Strong acids and bases are completely ionized in their solutions. However, many acids and bases are partially ionized in their aqueous solutions. The ionization is governed by the principle of chemical equilibrium.

• Heterogeneous Equilibria - The application of the equilibrium principles to describe the changes between solids and their solutions is the focus in this section. For these salts, the concept of solubility product, K_sp, is used to described the formation of solutions and solids.

• Electrochemistry - Oxidation and reduction chemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons, and these reactions can be studied by using systems called electrochemical cells. The voltages between these cells and energy aspect of these chemical reactions are studied in this topic.

• Descriptive Chemistry of sulfur, phosphorous, and silicon - The sources, properties, and applications of these typical main-group elements are discussed.

Glossary